- Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is located in the western part of the country, at the foot of the Vitosha Mountain. With a population of around 1.3 million people, Sofia is the economic, cultural, and administrative center of Bulgaria. The city has a rich history, with traces of settlements dating back to at least 7000 BC. Throughout the centuries, Sofia has been influenced by various empires and cultures, including the Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Soviet periods. Today, Sofia is a modern European city, with a mixture of architectural styles, including Roman, Ottoman, and Soviet-era buildings, as well as contemporary structures. The city is known for its numerous museums, art galleries, theaters, parks, and vibrant nightlife. It is also a major transportation hub, with an international airport and a well-developed metro system.