- Palmyra is an ancient city located in present-day Syria. It was an important cultural and trading center in the ancient world and is known for its well-preserved ruins, including the Temple of Bel, the Arch of Triumph, and the Palmyra Museum. The city was once under Roman control and was a key stop on the trade route between the Mediterranean and the east. In recent years, Palmyra has unfortunately been heavily damaged due to the Syrian Civil War, but efforts are underway to restore and preserve its historical treasures.