- Melfi is a small city located in the Basilicata region of southern Italy. It is the second-largest city in the province of Potenza and has a population of approximately 17,000 people. Melfi has a rich history, with traces of settlement dating back to the prehistoric era. It was an important center during the Roman Empire and later became a strategically significant town in the Kingdom of Naples. Today, Melfi is known for its medieval castle, Castello di Melfi, which was used by many rulers throughout history. The city also has several churches and historical buildings, adding to its charm and cultural heritage.