- Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is the second-largest city in the state, after Milwaukee, and has a population of approximately 259,680 people as of 2020. Madison is known for its vibrant cultural scene, with numerous theaters, museums, and music venues. It is also home to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, which contributes to the city's educated and progressive atmosphere. Madison has a strong focus on sustainability and is consistently ranked as one of the greenest cities in the United States. The city is located on an isthmus between two lakes, Lake Mendota and Lake Monona, offering residents and visitors beautiful natural surroundings for outdoor activities.