- Herat City is the capital of Herat Province in western Afghanistan. It is the third-largest city in Afghanistan and has a population of approximately 600,000 people. Herat City holds historical significance and has been an important trade and cultural center for centuries. It is known for its Islamic architecture, including the famous Herat Citadel and the historic Friday Mosque. The city has faced periods of turmoil and conflict throughout its history, but has been undergoing redevelopment and reconstruction in recent years.