Ghardaïa is a city located in the M'zab Valley in the Ghardaïa Province of Algeria. It is the capital of the Ghardaïa Province and is situated in the northern part of the Sahara Desert. The city is known for its unique architecture, which includes traditional Berber-style houses and a historic old town that is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ghardaïa is predominantly inhabited by the Mozabites, an ethnic group of Amazigh (Berber) descent. The Mozabites are known for their distinct cultural practices, including the Ibadism sect of Islam that they follow. The city is often considered the spiritual and cultural center of the Mozabite community.
The old town of Ghardaïa, also known as the Walled Oasis, is surrounded by a protective wall that was built in the 11th century. The town is characterized by its narrow streets, fortified granaries, and traditional houses called ksour. The architecture of Ghardaïa reflects the unique needs of desert living, with houses designed to provide shade and protection from the extreme desert heat.
In addition to its historical and cultural significance, Ghardaïa is also an important economic center in the region. The city has a thriving market where local artisans sell traditional crafts and products. Agriculture, particularly date farming, is also an essential economic activity in the surrounding areas.
Despite its rich cultural heritage, Ghardaïa has faced social tensions and conflicts in recent years. Tensions have arisen between the Mozabites and Arab settlers, leading to intermittent clashes. Efforts are being made to resolve these conflicts and promote peace and coexistence in the city.