- Dothan is a city located in Houston County, Alabama, United States. It is the county seat of Houston County and is known as the "Peanut Capital of the World" due to its production and processing of peanuts. Dothan has a population of approximately 70,000 people and is the principal city of the Dothan Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is a prominent regional center for retail, healthcare, and education. The city is also known for its annual National Peanut Festival, which attracts thousands of visitors each year.