- Baghdad is the capital city of Iraq. It is located on the Tigris River in the central part of the country. With a population of over 8 million people, Baghdad is the largest city in Iraq and one of the largest in the Middle East. It has a rich history that dates back to ancient times and has been a center of learning, culture, and trade throughout history. However, Baghdad has also experienced significant turmoil, including wars, conflicts, and political instability in recent years. Despite the challenges, it remains an important cultural and economic hub in the region.