- Arles is a city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southern France. It is located on the Rhône River and is known for its rich Roman history and stunning architecture. Arles was once an important Roman regional capital and the remnants of this past can be seen in the well-preserved Roman amphitheater, which is still used for events and bullfights today. The city's historic center, with narrow streets and charming squares, is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Arles is also famous for its artistic heritage, as it was the home of Vincent van Gogh for a period of time, inspiring many of his famous paintings. The city hosts the annual Rencontres d'Arles photography festival, attracting visitors from around the world. Arles is a vibrant city with a thriving arts scene, lively markets, and a strong Provençal culture.